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Titled "Empowering Energy Security & Sustainable Growth," the policy consolidates and supersedes several prior frameworks, including the Bhutan Sustainable Hydropower Development Policy 2021, Alternative Renewable Energy Policy 2013, Domestic Electricity Tariff Policy 2016, and National Energy Efficiency & Conservation Policy 2019.
Bhutan’s estimated total energy generation potential from rooftop solar system is 3,586 MW, including specific estimates for Thimphu (789 MW) and Paro (206 MW).5 In Thimphu alone, there are 1,521 government buildings suitable for rooftop solar installations, with an estimated capacity of 50 MW.
These power-intensive industrial consumers currently account for approximately 85% of the total domestic load as of 2023.1 From December 2023 to March 2024, Bhutan’s domestic consumption has already risen by 59% compared to the same period of the previous year (December 2022–March 2023), from 1,473 gigawatt-hour (GWh) to 2,346 GWh.
In the winter period of December 2023 to May 2024, Bhutan experienced its highest power shortage, which was addressed by importing a total of 1,446 GWh of electricity from India. The quantum of imports and their purchase prices have shown a significant upward trend from 2021 to 2024.
